Within the framework of the new exhibition about Arab surgery, a lecture including two interventions was given at the Tunis Science City. The First intervention is entitled “chirurgical anesthesia during the 10th century under the Aghlabids reign” by Professor Anouar Jarraya, a child psychiatrist. The lecturer talked about the contribution of Arabs especially from Kairouan to the introduction of a new anesthesia technique. It consists of the inhalation of a mixture of vegetal products with a soporific sponge. This technique marked a major progress at that time. Indeed, surgeons  started using it instead of ingestion. It was specially used when Ahmed El Jazzar, an illustrious doctor from Kairouan, was practising medicine, highlighting the contribution of the Kairouanese School to the medicine of the 10th century. The second intervention is entitled “Arab surgery”, by Professor Ahmed Dhieb, professor in orthopedic and traumatology surgery and doctor in human anthropology. The lecturer talked about the success of Arabs in surgery between the 8th and the 15th centuries. He also dealt with the instruments they used during the surgical operations, which were designed brilliantly by Arab surgeons at that time. In fact, it is thanks to these instruments that Arab surgeons became leaders in surgery. The proof is that surgical operations in the past are still practised today in the same way.